The Difference Between Ketamine Therapy and Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy

Ketamine has gained significant attention in the mental health community for its effectiveness in treating various conditions. However, two main approaches to using ketamine differ in philosophy and execution: ketamine therapy and KAP.

In this guest blog, written by Meeko Health, we define ketamine therapy and ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, review the differences between the two, and discuss how to find a reputable ketamine-assisted psychotherapy provider.

Ketamine Therapy

What It Is:

Ketamine therapy, sometimes referred to as “stand-alone ketamine treatment,” involves administering ketamine in a controlled medical setting, usually through an intravenous (IV) infusion. The main goal is to use ketamine’s biochemical effects to relieve symptoms quickly, particularly for people dealing with severe depression, anxiety, PTSD, or chronic pain.

How It Works:

During ketamine therapy, a healthcare provider gives a carefully measured weight-based dose of ketamine. The doses are much lower than what’s used in surgeries, so patients don’t become unconscious. Instead, they enter a relaxed, sometimes mildly dissociative state where pain and negative emotions are less overwhelming. Ketamine acts quickly on the brain’s glutamate system, blocking NMDA receptors. This blockage is thought to reset neural pathways, lifting depression and easing pain.

Process of Ketamine Therapy:

1. Initial Evaluation: Before starting treatment, patients undergo a thorough evaluation to determine if ketamine therapy is appropriate for them. Medical history, current medications, and overall health are assessed.
2. The Infusion: The ketamine infusion lasts between 40 minutes and an hour. During this time, patients are monitored by medical professionals to ensure safety. Patients often feel drowsy or experience mild hallucinations, but these effects wear off within an hour after the session.
3. Post-Session Care: After the infusion, patients rest until they are fully alert and can safely leave. Some people feel better immediately, while for others, the effects may take a day or two to become noticeable. Patients are advised not to drive or operate heavy machinery until the next day.

What It’s Used For:

Ketamine therapy is commonly used to treat mood disorders like depression, anxiety, and PTSD. It’s also used for chronic pain conditions, such as fibromyalgia, migraines, and complex regional pain syndrome. Many people turn to ketamine therapy when other treatments have failed or when they need immediate relief from severe symptoms, like suicidal thoughts.

Pros and Cons:

• Pros: Fast-acting relief is a major benefit of ketamine therapy. Many people notice a reduction in symptoms within hours, which is life-changing for those who have struggled for years with treatment-resistant conditions.
• Cons: The relief can be temporary, often lasting days to a few weeks. Some people may require ongoing treatments, which can be costly. Additionally, ketamine therapy doesn’t address the root causes of mental health issues, focusing more on symptom management.

Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP)

What It Is:

Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) is a more holistic approach that combines ketamine’s effects with psychotherapy. In KAP, ketamine isn’t just used for its mood-lifting properties but as a tool to help patients access and process deep emotional and psychological issues. By entering an altered state of consciousness, patients may be more open to exploring thoughts and memories that are normally too painful or difficult to address.

How It Works:

KAP uses the same pharmacological properties of ketamine, but it’s integrated with guided therapy sessions. The altered mental state induced by ketamine can help patients break free from rigid thought patterns, making them more receptive to therapeutic work. This unique combination can lead to breakthroughs and profound emotional healing.

Process of KAP:

1. Preparation Sessions: Before starting KAP, patients meet with a trained therapist to discuss their goals and concerns. The therapist helps the patient set intentions for the sessions, explains what to expect, and provides grounding techniques.
2. Ketamine Sessions: During the ketamine experience, a therapist is present to guide and support the patient. The therapist may ask questions, provide reassurance, or help the patient process emotions as they come up. The setting is calming, often with soft lighting and relaxing music, to create a safe space for exploration.
3. Integration Sessions: After the ketamine session, patients meet with their therapist to reflect on the experience. These integration sessions are crucial for making sense of any insights or emotions that surfaced. The therapist helps the patient incorporate these lessons into their daily life, creating lasting change.

What It’s Used For:

KAP is particularly helpful for people dealing with trauma, severe depression, or anxiety. It’s also used for individuals who feel “stuck” in therapy or who haven’t made progress with traditional talk therapy alone. The goal is not just to alleviate symptoms but to facilitate deep psychological healing and personal growth.

Pros and Cons:

• Pros: KAP offers a more comprehensive treatment by combining ketamine’s biochemical effects with emotional and psychological processing. Many people find that this combination leads to more meaningful and long-lasting improvements.
• Cons: KAP requires a significant time and emotional investment. It may also be more expensive than standard ketamine therapy because it involves multiple therapy sessions. Additionally, the experience can be intense, and some people may find it challenging to process their emotions without proper support.

Key Differences Between Ketamine Therapy and KAP

1. Focus of Treatment:

• Ketamine Therapy is about symptom relief using ketamine’s pharmacological effects.
• KAP integrates psychotherapy to explore and work through deeper issues.

2. Therapist Involvement:

• Ketamine Therapy involves minimal interaction with a therapist, focusing on the medical administration of ketamine.
• KAP includes a licensed therapist throughout the process, guiding and supporting emotional exploration.

3. Goals:

• Ketamine Therapy aims for quick relief, especially for those with severe symptoms or treatment-resistant conditions.
• KAP seeks long-term psychological healing and personal insight.

4. Duration and Cost:

• Ketamine Therapy sessions are shorter and can be less expensive, but ongoing treatments may be needed.
• KAP sessions are longer and include multiple appointments, making it a more time-intensive and costly option.

How to Know if You’re a Good Candidate for KAP

KAP isn’t for everyone. Here are some factors that might make you a good fit:

1. History of Treatment Resistance:

If you’ve tried multiple therapies or medications without success, KAP may offer a new way to break through mental health barriers.

2. Openness to Psychotherapy:

KAP requires a willingness to engage in deep emotional work. If you’re open to exploring past traumas or unresolved issues, KAP might be beneficial.

3. Current Mental Health Status:

People with severe anxiety, depression, PTSD, or trauma history may find relief through KAP. However, those with active psychosis or untreated bipolar disorder may not be suitable candidates.

4. Support System:

Emotional support from friends or family can be crucial in processing and integrating your experiences. People who have a strong support network often do better with KAP.

5. Medical Considerations:

A medical assessment is necessary to rule out conditions that may make ketamine unsafe, such as heart problems or uncontrolled high blood pressure.

How to Find a Reputable KAP Provider

Choosing the right provider is essential for a safe and effective experience. Here’s what to look for:

1. Licensed Professionals:

Ensure the provider is a licensed mental health professional, such as a psychologist, psychiatrist, or licensed counselor, trained in administering KAP.

2. Experience and Training:

The provider should have experience with both ketamine administration and psychotherapy. Specialized training in KAP or psychedelic-assisted therapy is a plus.

3. Comprehensive Care:

A reputable provider will offer preparation, ketamine sessions, and integration therapy. Avoid clinics that only administer ketamine without therapeutic support.

4. Safety Measures:

The clinic should have safety protocols in place, such as monitoring during sessions and emergency procedures. Ask about the setting and how they ensure a safe environment.

5. Patient Reviews and Testimonials:

Reading reviews or speaking with former patients can give you a sense of the provider’s reputation and effectiveness.

6. Consultation Availability:

A good provider will offer a consultation to discuss your needs and determine if KAP is appropriate for you. This is also an opportunity to ask questions and ensure you feel comfortable.

Finding the right KAP provider involves research and consideration. Look for experienced professionals who prioritize safety, offer comprehensive support, and have a clear treatment plan. With the right provider, KAP can be a powerful tool for healing and personal growth.

At Peak Wellness Center, our team of psychiatric nurse practitioners have extensive ketamine-assisted psychotherapy training and have provided KAP to Coloradans since 2022.

Click here to learn more about our approach to KAP and set up a consultation..